Are there negative side effects to a teenager taking vitamins intended for menopausal women?

No, they're fine. The reason they're marketed to menopausal women is that if a company markets it to a particular group, like seniors or teens or menopausal women or pregnant women, then those people feel special and like these vitamins must be better for them to take than other vitamins because they're personalized, so they're more likely to buy them. In reality there's not all that much difference from one type to another. Like, vitamins for menopausal women might have more calcium, but that doesn't matter--it's still a safe, normal amount of calcium.